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Executive Order 13175
Executive Order 13175, "Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments," was issued by U.S. President Bill Clinton on November 6, 2000. This executive order required federal departments and agencies to consult with Indian tribal governments when considering policies that would impact tribal communities. Executive Order 13175 reiterated the federal government's previously acknowledged commitment to tribal self-government and limited autonomy.
== Background ==
Early treaties established between the United States' government and tribal governments were characterized by provision for the preservation of separate native political and cultural organizations. This notion of self-government established in the treaties, however, was consistently ignored under progressive restrictions on native autonomy.〔 Following concerted efforts by native groups throughout the 1960s and 1970s to reassert their tribal authority, President Richard Nixon marked an official end to Indian termination policy and reintroduced tribal self-government in a 1970 Congressional address.〔 Since then, almost every United States president has reiterated his commitment to reestablishing a government-to-government relationship between federal and tribal governments.〔
President Clinton's first significant action within Indian policy was his issuance of Executive Order 12875, "Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership," in October of 1993. This executive order called for a decrease in unfunded mandates and the development of a process for all elected officials, including tribal officials, to provide input on federal policies.〔 On April 29, 1994 President Clinton invited leaders from all 547 recognized tribes to a tribal summit on issues facing tribal communities, the first such summit since James Monroe's presidency. In 1998, Clinton issued Executive Order 13084, which only two years later would be annulled and replaced by the identically titled and similarly purposed Executive Order 13175, "Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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